CASE HISTORY
ANALYSIS AND CASE STUDIES
L'AQUILA (2009) - EMILIA (2012)
ISSUES
PILLAR
Poor concrete
NODE
Absence of bracket
BEAM
Inadequate armour
STRUCTURAL NODE NO.1
- Vertical Load
- Total absence of brackets
- Excessive L.L.I.
- Node Explosion
TO BE NOTED
- Last pillar bracket
- Lower string beam
STRUCTURAL NODE N.2
- Total absence of brackets
- Reinforcement deficiency in the traverse
- Lack of interlocking reinforcement
TO BE NOTED
- No bracket on the pillar head
STRUCTURAL NODE N.3
- Total absence of brackets
- Excessive L.L.I.
- Expulsion of the concrete cover
- Offset reinforcement
TO BE NOTED
- Through fracture
- Absence of pillar bracing
STRUCTURAL NODE "JUNCTION"
- Total absence of bracketing
- Excessive L.L.I.
- Expulsion of the concrete cover
- Offset reinforcement
SOFT TOP NO.1
- Node failure
- Rotation of the upright
- Consequent collapse of stringers
- Intact beams
SOFT TOP NO.2
- Node failure
- Rotation of the upright
- Total disappearance of the plan
SOFT TOP NO.3
- Activation of the soft storey mechanism
- Formation of plastic hinges at the top of single-storey pillars
- Total absence of hierarchy of resistance
SOFT TOP NO.4
- Activation of the soft storey mechanism
- Formation of plastic hinges at the top of single-storey pillars
- Total absence of hierarchy of resistance